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An Introduction to Magick
Part 9
Magick is a way of life.
The roots of what is
commonly referred to as modern-day Witchcraft and erroneously Wicca is
believed to have strong associations with the Celts, a people living
between 700 BC and 100 AD. The Celts were descended from the
Indo-Europeans, and were a brilliant and dynamic people--gifted
artists, musicians, storytellers, metalworkers, expert farmers and
fierce warriors. They were much feared by their adversaries, the
Romans, who eventually adopted a number of their customs and
traditions.
The Celts were deeply spiritual and worshiped both a god and goddess.
Their religion was pantheistic, meaning they worshiped many aspects of
the "One Creative Life Source" and honored the presence of the "Divine
Creator" in all of nature. Like many tribes the world over, they
believed in reincarnation. After death, they went to the Summerland for
rest and renewal while awaiting rebirth.
The months of the Celtic year were named after trees. The
Celtic New Year began at Samhain, which means "summers end," and was
the final harvest of the year. Samhain was also their "Festival of the
Dead," where they honored their ancestors and deceased loved ones. Many
contemporary Halloween customs come from Samhain.
Winter Solstice was the annual celebration of the
rebirth of the Sun. Today, many popular customs have their origins in
this ancient celebration.
Near the beginning of February came Imbolg, a time
when domesticated animals began to give birth.
The Spring Equinox and Beltaine, sometimes called "May
Day", were fertility festivals.
The Summer Solstice, known as Lughnassa, celebrated
the glory of the Sun and the powers of nature.
Lughnassa, the Fall Equinox and once again Samhain,
were all considered as Celtic harvest festivals.
The "Druids" were the priests of the Celtic religion. They remained in
power through the fourth century AD, three centuries after the Celts'
defeat at the hands of the Romans. The Druids were priests, teachers,
judges, astrologers, healers and bards. They were indispensable to the
political leaders, providing them with considerable power and
influence. They Druids were revered, and were able to pass between
warring tribes unharmed. It took twenty years of intense study to
become a Druid. Translated, the word Druid means, "knowing the oak
tree". Trees, the oaks in particular, were held sacred by the Celts.
Mistletoe, which grows as a parasite on oak trees, was a powerful herb
used in their ceremonies and for healing. Mistletoe was ritually
harvested at the Summer Solstice by cutting it with a golden sickle and
catching it with a white cloth while never letting it touch the ground.
The religious beliefs and practices of the Celts grew into what later
became known as "Paganism", which is not to be confused with the term
"Neo-Paganism". The word Pagan is derived from the Latin word Paganus,
meaning "country dweller". This reference was consistent with the
Celts' love of the land and nature. Paganistic beliefs and rituals
eventually blended with the practices of other Indo-European descended
groups, and over several centuries spawned such practices as concocting
potions and ointments, casting spells, and performing works of magick.
These practices, along with many of the nature-based beliefs held by
the Celts and other groups, became collectively known as "Witchcraft".
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